> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://private-7c7dfe99-fix-nav-issues.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

> The TPC-DS benchmark data set and queries.

# TPC-DS (2012)

Similar to the [Star Schema Benchmark (SSB)](/get-started/sample-datasets/star-schema), TPC-DS is based on [TPC-H](/get-started/sample-datasets/tpch), but it took the opposite route, i.e. it expanded the number of joins needed by storing the data in a complex snowflake schema (24 instead of 8 tables).
The data distribution is skewed (e.g. normal and Poisson distributions).
It includes 99 reporting and ad-hoc queries with random substitutions.

**References**

* [The Making of TPC-DS](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1182635.1164217) (Nambiar), 2006

<h2 id="data-generation-and-import">
  Data Generation and Import
</h2>

First, checkout the TPC-DS repository and compile the data generator:

```bash theme={null}
git clone https://github.com/gregrahn/tpcds-kit.git
cd tpcds-kit/tools
make
```

Then, generate the data. Parameter `-scale` specifies the scale factor.

```bash theme={null}
./dsdgen -scale 1
```

Now create tables in ClickHouse. The table definitions are available in [`init.sql`](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/tests/benchmarks/tpc-ds/init.sql) in the ClickHouse repository.

The data can be imported as follows:

```bash theme={null}
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO call_center FORMAT CSV" < call_center.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO catalog_page FORMAT CSV" < catalog_page.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO catalog_returns FORMAT CSV" < catalog_returns.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO catalog_sales FORMAT CSV" < catalog_sales.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO customer FORMAT CSV" < customer.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO customer_address FORMAT CSV" < customer_address.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO customer_demographics FORMAT CSV" < customer_demographics.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO date_dim FORMAT CSV" < date_dim.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO household_demographics FORMAT CSV" < household_demographics.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO income_band FORMAT CSV" < income_band.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO inventory FORMAT CSV" < inventory.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO item FORMAT CSV" < item.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO promotion FORMAT CSV" < promotion.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO reason FORMAT CSV" < reason.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO ship_mode FORMAT CSV" < ship_mode.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO store FORMAT CSV" < store.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO store_returns FORMAT CSV" < store_returns.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO store_sales FORMAT CSV" < store_sales.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO time_dim FORMAT CSV" < time_dim.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO warehouse FORMAT CSV" < warehouse.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO web_page FORMAT CSV" < web_page.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO web_returns FORMAT CSV" < web_returns.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO web_sales FORMAT CSV" < web_sales.dat
clickhouse-client --format_csv_delimiter '|' --query "INSERT INTO web_site FORMAT CSV" < web_site.dat
```

Then run the generated queries.

<h2 id="queries">
  Queries
</h2>

The 99 TPC-DS queries can be found [here](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/tree/master/tests/benchmarks/tpc-ds/queries) in the ClickHouse repository.

To get SQL standard compatible behavior and expected results, apply the settings from [`settings.json`](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/tests/benchmarks/tpc-ds/settings.json).
See the [README](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/tests/benchmarks/tpc-ds/README.md) for known issues and notes on specific queries.

**Correctness**

The result of the queries agrees with the official results unless mentioned otherwise. There may be minor precision differences, which are permitted by the TPC-DS specification.