> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://private-7c7dfe99-fix-nav-issues.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
> Creates a table from the `URL` with given `format` and `structure`
# url
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# url Table Function
`url` function creates a table from the `URL` with given `format` and `structure`.
`url` function may be used in `SELECT` and `INSERT` queries on data in [URL](/reference/engines/table-engines/special/url) tables.
| Parameter | Description |
| ----------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `URL` | Single quoted HTTP or HTTPS server address, which can accept `GET` or `POST` requests (for `SELECT` or `INSERT` queries correspondingly). Type: [String](/reference/data-types/string). |
| `format` | [Format](/reference/formats/index) of the data. Type: [String](/reference/data-types/string). |
| `structure` | Table structure in `'UserID UInt64, Name String'` format. Determines column names and types. Type: [String](/reference/data-types/string). |
| `headers` | Headers in `'headers('key1'='value1', 'key2'='value2')'` format. You can set headers for HTTP call. |
Returned value
A table with the specified format and structure and with data from the defined `URL`.
Examples
Getting the first 3 lines of a table that contains columns of `String` and [UInt32](/reference/data-types/int-uint) type from HTTP-server which answers in [CSV](/reference/formats/CSV/CSV) format.
```sql theme={null}
SELECT * FROM url('http://127.0.0.1:12345/', CSV, 'column1 String, column2 UInt32', headers('Accept'='text/csv; charset=utf-8')) LIMIT 3;
```
Inserting data from a `URL` into a table:
```sql theme={null}
CREATE TABLE test_table (column1 String, column2 UInt32) ENGINE=Memory;
INSERT INTO FUNCTION url('http://127.0.0.1:8123/?query=INSERT+INTO+test_table+FORMAT+CSV', 'CSV', 'column1 String, column2 UInt32') VALUES ('http interface', 42);
SELECT * FROM test_table;
```
Globs in URL
Patterns in `{ }` are used to generate a set of shards or to specify failover addresses. Supported pattern types and examples see in the description of the [remote](/reference/functions/table-functions/remote#globs-in-addresses) function.
Character `|` inside patterns is used to specify failover addresses. They are iterated in the same order as listed in the pattern. The number of generated addresses is limited by [glob\_expansion\_max\_elements](/reference/settings/session-settings#glob_expansion_max_elements) setting.
Virtual Columns
* `_path` — Path to the `URL`. Type: `LowCardinality(String)`.
* `_file` — Resource name of the `URL`. Type: `LowCardinality(String)`.
* `_size` — Size of the resource in bytes. Type: `Nullable(UInt64)`. If the size is unknown, the value is `NULL`.
* `_time` — Last modified time of the file. Type: `Nullable(DateTime)`. If the time is unknown, the value is `NULL`.
* `_headers` - HTTP response headers. Type: `Map(LowCardinality(String), LowCardinality(String))`.
use\_hive\_partitioning setting
When setting `use_hive_partitioning` is set to 1, ClickHouse will detect Hive-style partitioning in the path (`/name=value/`) and will allow to use partition columns as virtual columns in the query. These virtual columns will have the same names as in the partitioned path.
**Example**
Use virtual column, created with Hive-style partitioning
```sql theme={null}
SELECT * FROM url('http://data/path/date=*/country=*/code=*/*.parquet') WHERE date > '2020-01-01' AND country = 'Netherlands' AND code = 42;
```
Resolving relative URLs
The [url\_base](/reference/settings/session-settings#url_base) setting allows passing a relative URL to the `url` function. When `url_base` is set and the function argument is a relative reference, it is resolved against the base URL per [RFC 3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986).
The resolution rules are:
* **Path-relative** (e.g. `data.csv`): merged with the base URL path — everything after the last `/` of the base path is replaced. The trailing slash matters: `https://example.com/dir/` + `data.csv` gives `https://example.com/dir/data.csv`, but `https://example.com/dir` + `data.csv` gives `https://example.com/data.csv`. Dot segments (`./` and `../`) are normalized.
* **Host-relative** (e.g. `/test/data.csv`): resolved using the scheme and host of the base URL.
* **Scheme-relative** (e.g. `//other.com/test/data.csv`): resolved using the scheme of the base URL.
* **Query-only** (e.g. `?x=1`): appended to the full base path, replacing any existing query or fragment.
* **Fragment-only** (e.g. `#frag`): appended to the base URL, preserving the query, replacing any existing fragment.
* **Empty**: returns the base URL without fragment.
* **Absolute URL**: passed through unchanged; `url_base` is ignored.
**Example**
```sql theme={null}
SET url_base = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/master/';
SELECT * FROM url('tests/queries/0_stateless/data_csv/data.csv', CSV) LIMIT 3;
```
Storage Settings
* [engine\_url\_skip\_empty\_files](/reference/settings/session-settings#engine_url_skip_empty_files) - allows to skip empty files while reading. Disabled by default.
* [enable\_url\_encoding](/reference/settings/session-settings#enable_url_encoding) - allows to enable/disable decoding/encoding path in uri. Enabled by default.
* [url\_base](/reference/settings/session-settings#url_base) - base URL for resolving relative URLs passed to the `url` function.
Permissions
`url` function requires `CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE` permission. As such - it'll not work for users with [readonly](/concepts/features/configuration/settings/permissions-for-queries#readonly) = 1 setting. At least readonly = 2 is required.