> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://private-7c7dfe99-fix-nav-issues.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# 导入包含深层嵌套对象数组的 GeoJSON
> “导入包含深层嵌套对象数组的 GeoJSON“
## 问题
如何导入带有嵌套对象数组的 GeoJSON？
## 答案
本教程将使用[此处](https://opendata.esri.es/datasets/ComunidadSIG::municipios-ign/explore?location=39.536006%2C-0.303882%2C6.57)公开提供的开放数据。你也可以在[此处](https://datasets-documentation.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/geoJSON/Municipios.geojson)找到一份副本。
1. 下载 GeoJSON 格式的数据，并将文件重命名为 `geojson.json`。
2. 了解其结构。
```sql theme={null}
DESCRIBE TABLE file('geojson.json', 'JSON')
┌─name─────┬─type─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ type │ Nullable(String) │
│ name │ Nullable(String) │
│ crs │ Tuple( properties Tuple(name Nullable(String)),type Nullable(String)) │
│ features │ Array(Tuple( │
│ │ geometry Tuple(coordinates Array(Array(Array(Array(Nullable(Float64))))), │
│ │ type Nullable(String)), │
│ │ properties Tuple( CODIGOINE Nullable(String), │
│ │ CODNUT1 Nullable(String), │
│ │ CODNUT2 Nullable(String), │
│ │ CODNUT3 Nullable(String), │
│ │ FID Nullable(Int64), │
│ │ INSPIREID Nullable(String), │
│ │ NAMEUNIT Nullable(String), │
│ │ NATCODE Nullable(String), │
│ │ SHAPE_Area Nullable(Float64), │
│ │ SHAPE_Length Nullable(Float64) │
│ │ ), │
│ │ type Nullable(String) │
│ │ ) │
│ │ ) │
└──────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
3. 创建一个表，用于存储 GeoJSON 行。
这里需要为 `features 数组` 中的每个 `object` 生成一行。
为字段 `geometry` 推断出的数据类型表明，它对应于 ClickHouse 的 **MultiPolygon** [数据类型](/zh/reference/data-types/geo#multipolygon)。
```sql theme={null}
create table geojson
(
type String,
name String,
crsType String,
crsName String,
featureType String,
id Int64,
inspiredId String,
natCode String,
nameUnit String,
codNut1 String,
codNut2 String,
codNut3 String,
codigoIne String,
shapeLength Float64,
shapeArea Float64,
geometryType String,
geometry MultiPolygon
)
engine = MergeTree
order by id;
```
4. 准备数据。
该查询的主要目的是验证 **features 数组**中的每个**对象**都对应一行。
为了让结果集更易读，字段 `features.geometry.coordinates` 已被注释掉。
```sql theme={null}
SELECT
type AS type,
name AS name,
crs.type AS crsType,
crs.properties.name AS crsName,
features.type AS featureType,
features.properties.FID AS id,
features.properties.INSPIREID AS inspiredId,
features.properties.NATCODE AS natCode,
features.properties.NAMEUNIT AS nameUnit,
features.properties.CODNUT1 AS codNut1,
features.properties.CODNUT2 AS codNut2,
features.properties.CODNUT3 AS codNut3,
features.properties.CODIGOINE AS codigoIne,
features.properties.SHAPE_Length AS shapeLength,
features.properties.SHAPE_Area AS shapeArea,
features.geometry.type AS geometryType
--,features.geometry.coordinates
FROM file('municipios_ign.geojson', 'JSON')
ARRAY JOIN features
LIMIT 5
┌─type──────────────┬─name───────────┬─crsType─┬─crsName───────────────────────┬─featureType─┬─id─┬─inspiredId───────────────┬─natCode─────┬─nameUnit──────────────┬─codNut1─┬─codNut2─┬─codNut3─┬─codigoIne─┬────────shapeLength─┬─────────────shapeArea─┬─geometryType─┐
│ FeatureCollection │ Municipios_IGN │ name │ urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84 │ Feature │ 1 │ ES.IGN.SIGLIM34081616266 │ 34081616266 │ Villarejo-Periesteban │ ES4 │ ES42 │ ES423 │ 16266 │ 0.2697476997304121 │ 0.0035198414406406673 │ MultiPolygon │
│ FeatureCollection │ Municipios_IGN │ name │ urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84 │ Feature │ 2 │ ES.IGN.SIGLIM34081616269 │ 34081616269 │ Villares del Saz │ ES4 │ ES42 │ ES423 │ 16269 │ 0.4476083901269905 │ 0.00738179315030249 │ MultiPolygon │
│ FeatureCollection │ Municipios_IGN │ name │ urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84 │ Feature │ 3 │ ES.IGN.SIGLIM34081616270 │ 34081616270 │ Villarrubio │ ES4 │ ES42 │ ES423 │ 16270 │ 0.3053942273994179 │ 0.0029777582813496337 │ MultiPolygon │
│ FeatureCollection │ Municipios_IGN │ name │ urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84 │ Feature │ 4 │ ES.IGN.SIGLIM34081616271 │ 34081616271 │ Villarta │ ES4 │ ES42 │ ES423 │ 16271 │ 0.2831226979821184 │ 0.002680273189024594 │ MultiPolygon │
│ FeatureCollection │ Municipios_IGN │ name │ urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84 │ Feature │ 5 │ ES.IGN.SIGLIM34081616272 │ 34081616272 │ Villas de la Ventosa │ ES4 │ ES42 │ ES423 │ 16272 │ 0.5958276749246777 │ 0.015354885085133583 │ MultiPolygon │
└───────────────────┴────────────────┴─────────┴───────────────────────────────┴─────────────┴────┴──────────────────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴───────────┴────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴──────────────┘
```
5. 插入数据。
```sql theme={null}
INSERT INTO geojson
SELECT
type AS type,
name AS name,
crs.type AS crsType,
crs.properties.name AS crsName,
features.type AS featureType,
features.properties.FID AS id,
features.properties.INSPIREID AS inspiredId,
features.properties.NATCODE AS natCode,
features.properties.NAMEUNIT AS nameUnit,
features.properties.CODNUT1 AS codNut1,
features.properties.CODNUT2 AS codNut2,
features.properties.CODNUT3 AS codNut3,
features.properties.CODIGOINE AS codigoIne,
features.properties.SHAPE_Length AS shapeLength,
features.properties.SHAPE_Area AS shapeArea,
features.geometry.type AS geometryType,
features.geometry.coordinates as geometry
FROM file('municipios_ign.geojson', 'JSON')
ARRAY JOIN features
```
这里会报以下错误：
```
Code: 53. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000. DB::Exception: ARRAY JOIN requires array or map argument. (TYPE_MISMATCH)
Received exception from server (version 24.1.2):
```
这是由解析 `features.geometry.coordinates` 时导致的。
6. 我们来检查一下它的数据类型。
```sql theme={null}
SELECT DISTINCT toTypeName(features.geometry.coordinates) AS geometry
FROM file('municipios_ign.geojson', 'JSON')
ARRAY JOIN features
┌─geometry──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Array(Array(Array(Array(Nullable(Float64))))) │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
可以通过将 `multipolygon.properties.coordinates` 转换为 `Array(Array(Array(Tuple(Float64,Float64))))` 来解决这个问题。
为此，可以使用函数 [arrayMap(func,arr1,...)](/zh/reference/functions/regular-functions/array-functions#arraymapfunc-arr1-)。
```sql theme={null}
SELECT distinct
toTypeName(
arrayMap(features.geometry.coordinates->
arrayMap(features.geometry.coordinates->
arrayMap(features.geometry.coordinates-> (features.geometry.coordinates[1],features.geometry.coordinates[2])
,features.geometry.coordinates),
features.geometry.coordinates),
features.geometry.coordinates)
) as toTypeName
FROM file('municipios_ign.geojson', 'JSON')
ARRAY JOIN features;
┌─toTypeName───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Array(Array(Array(Tuple(Nullable(Float64), Nullable(Float64))))) │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
7. 插入数据。
```sql theme={null}
INSERT INTO geojson
SELECT
type as type,
name as name,
crs.type as crsType,
crs.properties.name as crsName,
features.type as featureType,
features.properties.FID id,
features.properties.INSPIREID inspiredId,
features.properties.NATCODE natCode,
features.properties.NAMEUNIT nameUnit,
features.properties.CODNUT1 codNut1,
features.properties.CODNUT2 codNut2,
features.properties.CODNUT3 codNut3,
features.properties.CODIGOINE codigoIne,
features.properties.SHAPE_Length shapeLength,
features.properties.SHAPE_Area shapeArea,
features.geometry.type geometryType,
arrayMap(features.geometry.coordinates->
arrayMap(features.geometry.coordinates->
arrayMap(features.geometry.coordinates-> (features.geometry.coordinates[1],features.geometry.coordinates[2]),features.geometry.coordinates)
,features.geometry.coordinates)
,features.geometry.coordinates) geometry
FROM file('municipios_ign.geojson', 'JSON')
ARRAY JOIN features;
```
```sql theme={null}
SELECT count()
FROM geojson
┌─count()─┐
│ 8205 │
└─────────┘
SELECT DISTINCT toTypeName(geometry)
FROM geojson
┌─toTypeName(geometry)─┐
│ MultiPolygon │
└──────────────────────┘
```
### 结论
处理 JSON 可能相当复杂。本教程介绍了一种场景：嵌套对象数组会让这项任务变得更加棘手。
如有其他与 JSON 相关的需求，请参阅我们的[文档](/zh/guides/clickhouse/data-formats/json/intro)。